American Foreign Policy and Forced Regime Change Since World War II by Scott Walker

Author:Scott Walker
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030112325
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

As per the directions of the Bonn Agreement, a second loya jirga, focused on the creation of a constitution , was held in December of 2003. Participants were instructed to decide on the form of government for the new Afghan state. Ultimately, the loya jirga decided upon a presidential system with a bicameral legislature. On October 9, 2004, presidential elections were held for the first time. Karzai won with around 55% of the vote, amid some claims of voting irregularities. In September 2005, the country held parliamentary elections, and after that the National Assembly was open for business (BBC 2008).

Since that time, Karzai won a second five-year term in 2009 and was replaced in 2014 by Ashraf Ghani , who is currently the president. Both the lower and upper houses have had regular elections throughout this period.

However, although the new government was in place, the war continued. The defeat of the Taliban was merely the first step in a conflict that never quite ended. In August 2003, NATO formally became involved in operations in Afghanistan to train Afghan security forces and to help rebuild key government institutions. Politically, the country has never been considered close to being a democracy. Freedom House (2018) classifies Afghanistan as “not free” in terms of both political rights and civil liberties. The country performs poorly in nearly every sub-category. As of late 2018, seventeen years after the invasion , despite the fact that it is on paper a democratic state, Afghanistan is still waiting for any notable democratic developments to occur in practice.

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